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Office of Research on Women's Health

Putting science to work for the health of women

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    Women's Health Research

    Women's health research is an essential part of the NIH research agenda. The field includes the study of health throughout the lifespan and across the spectrum of scientific investigations.

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  • Sex & Gender

    Sex & Gender

    Sex/gender influence health and disease, and considering these factors in research informs the development of prevention strategies and treatment interventions for both women and men.

    • NIH Policy on Sex as a Biological Variable (SABV)
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      • How Sex/Gender Influence Health and Disease (A-Z)
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      • Research Spotlight: Dr. Marilyn Carroll
      • Research Spotlight: Dr. Nancy Lane
      • Research Spotlight: Dr. Nancy Nadon
  • In the Spotlight

    In the Spotlight

    Women’s health research and efforts to advance the careers of women in biomedicine are being performed across the NIH Institutes, Centers, and Offices, as well as in other agencies within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and the private sector. This section of the ORWH website highlights some of these efforts, which are currently having, or have the potential to have, a substantial impact on the health of women and the advancement of women in the biomedical field.

    • Top Stories
      • Day One: Dec. 14, BIRCWH Annual Meeting Marks 20th Anniversary, Opens ORWH 30th Anniversary Virtual Meeting Series
      • Day Two: Dec. 15, ORWH 30th Anniversary Scientific Symposium Features NIH Director Francis Collins and Additional Leaders in Women’s Health Research
      • Day Three: Dec. 16, SCORE Annual Meeting Keynote Address Features Lancet Editor Discussing Sex Differences Research
      • ORWH’s 30th Anniversary Virtual Meeting Series: Advancing the Health of Women Through Science, December 14–16
      • ORWH Collaborates with NIGMS to Facilitate Trans-NIH Effort to Address Women’s Health Issues Through the IDeA Program
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  • Science Policy

    Science Policy

    The NIH Sex as a Biological Variable and Inclusion policies help to ensure that women and female biology in general are factored into every stage of research.

    • NIH Inclusion Policies
      • Common Definitions in NIH Inclusion Policies
      • Including Women and Minorities in Clinical Research Background
    • NIH Policy on Sex as a Biological Variable (SABV)
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  • Career Development & Education

    Career Development & Education

    ORWH develops and supports opportunities to recruit, retain, and advance women in biomedical careers, and programs that support both women and men in women's health and sex differences research careers.

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      • Bench to Bedside: Integrating Sex and Gender to Improve Human Health Course
      • Sex as a Biological Variable: A Primer
      • Introduction: Sex- and Gender-Related Differences in Health
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  • About

    About

    ORWH is the first Public Health Service office dedicated specifically to promote women's health research within and beyond the NIH scientific community.

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    NIH Institutes & HHS Agencies

    ORWH works in partnership with NIH Institutes, Centers, and Offices (ICOs), as well as other agencies and offices within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, to advance the health of women. ORWH highlights the work of  these organizations in improving women’s health and serves as the focal point for women's health research at the NIH.

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  3. Reading Room: News and Journal Articles About Studying Sex/Gender

Reading Room: News and Journal Articles About Studying Sex/Gender

2021

Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome and Maternal Opioid-Related Diagnoses in the US, 2010–2017

2020
  • Blood pressure rises faster and earlier in women than in men, possibly explaining heart disease differences
  • Brain immune cells, neurodegeneration differ in males, females
  • Cardiovascular and Chronic Kidney Diseases: Impact of Sex and Gender, Compounding Underdiagnosis, Atypical Presentations, Undertreatment, and Underrepresentation
  • Clinical Advances in Sex- and Gender-Informed Medicine to Improve the Health of All
  • Considerations for Studying Sex as a Biological Variable in Spinal Cord Injury
  • Coronavirus: A Look at Gender Differences in Awareness and Actions
  • Does sex matter?: An update on the implementation of sex as a biological variable in research
  • Examining differences between overweight women and men in 12-month weight loss study comparing healthy low-carbohydrate vs. low-fat diets
  • Filling the Regulatory Gap: Potential Role of Institutional Review Boards in Promoting Consideration of Sex as a Biological Variable
  • Incorporating Sex as a Biological Variable into Clinical and Translational Research Training
  • Like humans, most female mammals live longer than males, study finds
  • Male sex identified by global COVID-19 meta-analysis as a risk factor for death and ITU admission
  • Model‐dependent outcomes: Sex as a biological variable in preclinical mouse models of melanoma
  • Nearly 90 percent of men — and women — are biased against women, UN study finds
  • Opinion: In the wake of COVID-19, academia needs new solutions to ensure gender equity
  • Opioid overdoses among women have increased dramatically. But treatment centers are still designed for men.
  • Osteoporosis and Bone Health in Transgender Persons
  • RSNA: MRI Shows Blood Flow Differs in Men and Women, According to New Research
  • Sex and gender: modifiers of health, disease, and medicine
  • Sex and gender differences in cognitive and brain reserve: Implications for Alzheimer’s disease in women
    Sex as a Biological Variable: A 5-year progress report and call to action. Journal of Women’s Health
  • Sex as a Biological Variable: The Importance of Curriculum Development in the 21st Century
  • Sex bias and omission in neuroscience research is influenced by research model and journal, but not reported NIH funding
  • The coronavirus is killing far more men than women
  • The Unfair Sex
  • Transgender stigma and health: A critical review of stigma determinants, mechanisms, and interventions
  • Urban–rural Differences in Suicide Rates, by Sex and Three Leading Methods: United States, 2000–2018
  • Why Sex Matters at the Pharmacy
  • Why the Coronavirus Seems to Hit Men Harder Than Women
  • Why women are more prone to serious complications from drinking alcohol
2019
  • 25 years of women being underrepresented in medical research, in charts
  • A Push For More Inclusivity In Science
  • Advance Innovations in Pain Management for Women
  • Annual Report to the Nation: Overall cancer mortality continues to decline
  • Are hormones a “female problem” for animal research?
  • Benefits of a factorial design focusing on inclusion of female and male animals in one experiment
  • Better science, better lives for women and men: Q&A with Carolyn Mazure
  • Brain scans don’t lie: The minds of girls and boys are equal in math
  • Closing the Medical Research Gap
  • Dementia impacts women more and new approaches are needed
  • Diverse vaginal microbiome may signal risk for preterm birth 
  • England vice-captain Jordan Nobbs calls for more research on injuries during menstruation
  • Epidemiology needs to embrace gender
  • Everything is designed for this man, even drugs
  • Father’s X chromosome may yield clues to higher rates of autoimmune disease in women
  • Female rats face sex bias too 
  • Gender Medicine and Oncology: Report and consensus of an ESMO Workshop
  • Hair dye and chemical straightener use and breast cancer risk in a large US population of black and white women
  • Heart disease is the No. 1 killer of women, but the research has long favored men
  • HHS Researchers Find For Certain Sports, Concussion Rates Are Higher in Female Athletes than Males
  • How One Woman Changed What Doctors Know About Heart Attacks
  • Integrating the Influence of Sex and Gender in Research: Keeping Women Veterans in Focus
  • Internal Hospital Marketing Campaigns Can Combat Gender Bias
  • Men and Women, Male and Female Animals: What’s the Deal With Sex Differences in Chronic Pain? (Part 1)
  • Men and Women, Male and Female Animals: What’s the Deal With Sex Differences in Chronic Pain? (Part 2)
  • Men are more likely than women to call their science ‘excellent’
  • Neuroethics Can Help Scientists Use Sex as a Biological Variable
  • New Research Sheds More Light on Alzheimer’s in Women
  • New study explores impact of biological sex affects brain aging and memory function
  • Opioid crisis roadmap overlooks gender
  • Scientists find gender-distinct circuit for depression
  • Seeking reform, a neuroscientist argues against ‘sexist’ beliefs that keep research focused on male animals 
  • Sex and gender analysis improves science, Stanford scholars say
  • Sex differences in the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis: An obstacle to antidepressant drug development?
  • The Concussion Gender Gap: Why Girls Suffer More Head Injuries
  • The five: medical biases against women
  • What 31,000+ Personality Tests Say About Differences Between Men And Women
  • What Did You Do Yesterday? Sex Differences in Episodic Memory
  • Why the sexes don’t feel pain the same way
  • Women are more than twice as likely as men to suffer from PTSD. Studies are underway to find out why.
  • Women May Be More Adept Than Men At Discerning Pain
  • Women More Likely Than Men to Develop Heart Failure After STEMI
2018
  • Bridging the Gap in Genetic Cancer Research Data on Minority Populations
  • Finally, a plan on how to include pregnant women in clinical trials
  • Gender diversity is linked to research diversity, Stanford historian says
  • Heart disease research and treatment neglects women, and it's killing them: Barbra Streisand
  • How 'Bad Medicine' Dismisses And Misdiagnoses Women's Symptoms
  • Invest more in research and access to health care for women
  • It is time to integrate sex as a variable in preclinical and clinical studies
  • Johns Hopkins researchers study how being male or female affects flu shot response
  • Med School faculty revamp curriculum with sex differences
  • Medicine Has a Sexism Problem, And It’s Making Sick Women Sicker
  • Meet The Woman Helping To Fix The Gender Gap In Women's Health
  • Microbiome research refines HIV risk for women
  • New scholars named to promote research into the influence of gender on health
  • No female mice or cells? NIH reviewers still might score grant OK
  • Participation of Women in Clinical Trials Supporting FDA Approval of Cardiovascular Drugs
  • Research is scarce on medication use in pregnant women. Experts are urging the government to fix that
  • Researchers reveal sex-based disparities in stroke risk 
  • Pain's origins may be significantly different in males and females
  • Sex Differences in Opioid Analgesia: A Complicated Picture 
  • Stroke risk factors unique to women identified
  • Studying sex differences will improve health for women and men
  • Taking cardiology clinical trials to the next level: A call to action
  • Thousands of autistic girls and women 'going undiagnosed' due to gender bias
  • To What Extent Do Sex Differences Matter When Prescribing?
  • Transforming pregnancy research with a smartphone app
  • What science has gotten wrong by ignoring women
  • When disease strikes, gender matters
  • Why does HIV Pose a Greater Threat to Women’s Hearts?
  • Why women get overlooked in healthcare—with Serena Williams
  • Women's health research gets congressional boost

 

2017
  • 5 Questions: Marcia Stefanick on better medicine for women
  • After concussion, teen girls may take longer to heal than boys
  • Aging has distinct and opposite effects on tendon in males and females
  • Applying the new SABV (sex as a biological variable) policy to research and clinical care
  • Celebration calls for sex recognition in research
  • Do Concussions Affect Women Differently Than Men?
  • Medicine's gender revolution—how women stopped being treated as 'small men'
  • Stress has dramatically different effects on male and female mouse brains
  • The Medical Research Gap That’s Leaving Women’s Health Startups Behind
  • Vision problems — dry eye among them — affect more women than men
  • Why It Could Be Time for Sex-Specific Drugs
  • Women are being failed by medical research—here’s how policy can help
  • Women’s health
  • Women more likely to die within a year of heart attack than men
2016
  • The science of sex and gender in human health: online courses to create a foundation for sex and gender accountability in biomedical research and treatment 
  • Reporting Sex, Gender, or Both in Clinical Research? 
  • An Issue Whose Time Has Come: Sex/Gender Influences on Nervous System Function 
  • Considering sex as a biological variable in preclinical research 
  • Sex and Gender Equity in Research: rationale for the SAGER guidelines and recommended use 
  • Sex Differences in Animal Models: Focus on Addiction
  • Basic science: Bedrock of progress
2015
  • Studying both sexes: a guiding principle for biomedicine
  • How to study the impact of sex and gender in medical research: a review of resources.
  • Why Science Needs Female Mice 
  • The Upsetting Reason Why We Don't Know Nearly Enough About How Meds Affect Women 
  • Sex Differences And Pain  (Subscription required)
  • Hey, Medicine: Stop Ignoring the Existence of Women 
2014
  • Focus on Sex 
  • Top-to-Bottom Sex Bias in Labs Skews Results
  • Recommendations concerning the new U.S. National Institutes of Health initiative to balance the sex of cells and animals in preclinical research
  • NIH initiative to balance sex of animals in preclinical studies: generative questions to guide policy, implementation, and metrics 
  • Equal Treatment: A fundamental flaw in medical research is finally being addressed. Why it matters for you.
  • Health Researchers Will Get $10.1 Million to Counter Gender Bias in Studies , New York Times
  • U.S. agency moves to end sex bias in biomedical research , Reuters
  • NIH gives $10.1 million for gender-balanced research , NPR Marketplace
  • NIH Issues $10-Million in Grants to Cut Gender-Based Test Biases , Chronicle of Higher Education
  • National Institute of Health will examine 'effect of sex' in preclinical testing , PBS NewsHour
  • Including female animals in scientific studies really pays off , The Verge
  • NIH Puts 'Money Where Mouth Is' Concerning Sex Differences Policy , Dana Foundation Blog
  • AAOS Now
  • Nature
  • Labs Are Told to Start Including a Neglected Variable: Females , New York Times
  • Medical research still short on inclusion of women , USA Today
  • NIH calls on scientists to test new drugs on animals of both sexes , PBS NewsHour
  • Needed: More Females in Animal and Cell Studies , Sciencemagazine
  • U.S. health agency to erase sex bias in biomedical studies , The Washington Post, The Chicago Tribune (Reuters)
  • Gender Imbalance in the Lab , New York Times Editorial
  • 60 Minutes helps pave way for change at NIH, FDA , 60 Minutes
  • NIH: Scientists Must Include Female Animals in Testing , NPR Here & Now
  • NIH to Require Gender Balance in Subjects of Animal Studies , Chronicle of Higher Education
  • Mostly Male, Nature podcast , Nature
  • Ending Sex Bias in Medical Research Starts With Lab Mice , Bloomberg
  • New federal rules will force scientists to use more female lab animals , The Verge
  • Sex Cells! Addressing Sex Differences in Pre-Clinical Research , Wing of Zock
  • Medicine Needs More Research on Female Animals, NIH Says , NPR "Shots" Blog
  • U.S. To Require Gender Equality For Medical Lab Rats , Popular Science
  • NIH to require sex-reporting in preclinical studies , Nature News
  • NIH's New Policy: Sex Differences in Research , BioTechniques
  • US government to require affirmative action for female lab mice , Vox
  • NIH Says Sex Bias in Studies Makes Research Less Effective for Women , Al Jazeera and Reuters
  • NIH Calls for Gender Equality in Lab Research , Health Day
  • A Fix For Gender-Bias In Animal Research Could Help Humans , NPR
  • Does a Change in Health Research Funding Policy Related to the Integration of Sex and Gender Have an Impact?
  • Female mice liberated for inclusion in neuroscience and biomedical research
  • First steps for integrating sex and gender considerations into basic experimental biomedical research
2013 and earlier
  • Sex differences in the brain: the not so inconvenient truth
  • After inclusion, information and inference: reporting on clinical trials results after 15 years of monitoring inclusion of women
  • What does the "four core genotypes" mouse model tell us about sex differences in the brain and other tissues? 
  • Integrating the dimensions of sex and gender into basic life sciences research: methodologic and ethical issues
  • Strategies and methods for research on sex differences in brain and behavior

Sex & Gender

  • Sex & Gender
    • NIH Policy on Sex as a Biological Variable (SABV)
      • ORWH GWAS, Sex, and Chromosomes Think Tank
      • Questions and Answers
    • Sex/Gender Influences in Health and Disease
      • How Sex/Gender Influence Health and Disease (A-Z)
      • Infographic: How Sex/Gender Influence Health & Disease
      • Specialized Centers of Research Excellence (SCORE) on Sex Differences
      • Administrative Supplements for Research on Sex/Gender Differences
      • Sex/Gender in Health, Disease, and Biomedical Research
    • Methods and Techniques for Integrating Sex into Research
    • Reading Room: News and Journal Articles about Studying Sex/Gender
    • Research Spotlights
      • Research Spotlight: Dr. Marilyn Carroll
      • Research Spotlight: Dr. Nancy Lane
      • Research Spotlight: Dr. Nancy Nadon

Director’s Messages

  • As the Study of Sex and Gender Expands, ORWH Expands Its Online Educational Courses

    January 22, 2021

  • Aim for 20/20 Vision in 2021

    November 30, 2020

  • ORWH’s Strategic Approach to COVID-19 Response

    November 17, 2020

  • Toward an Improved Vision for Maternal Health and Pregnancy Outcomes

    October 14, 2020

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