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Office of Research on Women's Health

Putting science to work for the health of women

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    Women's Health Research

    Women's health research is an essential part of the NIH research agenda. The field includes the study of health throughout the lifespan and across the spectrum of scientific investigations.

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      • Legacy of Better Science, Better Health for Women Presentation
      • Women's Health Research Slideshow
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      • Raising the Bar: Improving the Health of Women in the United States
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      • NIH Inclusion Outreach Toolkit: How to Engage, Recruit, and Retain Women in Clinical Research
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  • Sex & Gender
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    Sex & Gender

    Sex/gender influence health and disease, and considering these factors in research informs the development of prevention strategies and treatment interventions for both women and men.

    • NIH Policy on Sex as a Biological Variable (SABV)
      • ORWH GWAS, Sex, and Chromosomes Think Tank
      • Questions and Answers
    • Sex/Gender Influences in Health and Disease
      • How Sex/Gender Influence Health and Disease (A-Z)
      • Infographic: How Sex/Gender Influence Health & Disease
      • Specialized Centers of Research Excellence (SCORE) on Sex Differences
      • Administrative Supplements for Research on Sex/Gender Differences
      • Sex/Gender in Health, Disease, and Biomedical Research
    • Methods and Techniques for Integrating Sex into Research
    • Reading Room: News and Journal Articles about Studying Sex/Gender
    • Research Spotlights
      • Research Spotlight: Dr. Marilyn Carroll
      • Research Spotlight: Dr. Nancy Lane
      • Research Spotlight: Dr. Nancy Nadon
    • Women, Science, and the Impact of COVID-19
  • In the Spotlight
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    In the Spotlight

    Women’s health research and efforts to advance the careers of women in biomedicine are being performed across the NIH Institutes, Centers, and Offices, as well as in other agencies within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and the private sector. This section of the ORWH website highlights some of these efforts, which are currently having, or have the potential to have, a substantial impact on the health of women and the advancement of women in the biomedical field.

    • Top Stories
      • ORWH e-Learning course offers Continuing Medical Education (CME) credits
      • Prevent Blindness interviews the ORWH Director on Women’s Eye Health
      • New Webpage an Important Milestone as ORWH Marks the 5th Anniversary of the U3 Administrative Supplement Program
      • ORWH expands the Pearls of Wisdom video series featuring diverse NIH Leaders to include both Women and Men
      • New ORWH E-Learning Course Developed for Teaching the Application of the NIH SABV Policy
      • NIH Publishes Report on Research on Women’s Health for Fiscal Years 2019–2020
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    Science Policy

    The NIH Sex as a Biological Variable and Inclusion policies help to ensure that women and female biology in general are factored into every stage of research.

    • NIH Inclusion Policies
      • Common Definitions in NIH Inclusion Policies
      • Including Women and Minorities in Clinical Research Background
    • NIH Policy on Sex as a Biological Variable (SABV)
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    Career Development & Education

    ORWH develops and supports opportunities to recruit, retain, and advance women in biomedical careers, and programs that support both women and men in women's health and sex differences research careers.

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    • E-Learning
      • Bench to Bedside: Integrating Sex and Gender to Improve Human Health Course
      • Sex as a Biological Variable: A Primer
      • SABV Primer Supplement
      • SABV Primer: Train the Trainer
      • Introduction: Sex- and Gender-Related Differences in Health
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    • Prize Competition for Enhancing Faculty Gender Diversity
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    About

    ORWH is the first Public Health Service office dedicated specifically to promoting women's health research within and beyond the NIH scientific community.

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    NIH Institutes & HHS Agencies

    ORWH works in partnership with NIH Institutes, Centers, and Offices (ICOs), as well as other agencies and offices within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, to advance the health of women. ORWH highlights the work of  these organizations in improving women’s health and serves as the focal point for women's health research at the NIH.

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  3. Reading Room: News and Journal Articles About Studying Sex/Gender

Reading Room: News and Journal Articles About Studying Sex/Gender

2022
  • Perspectives From Advancing National Institutes of Health Research to Inform and Improve the Health of Women, 6/9/2022
  • Women are more likely than men to develop long COVID, study finds, 6/21/2022
  • Improving the Quality of Care for Ovarian Cancer Patients, 6/13/2022
  • Science Still Doesn't Understand How Our Sex Affects Our Health, 5/16/2022
  • The gender health innovation gap: A perspective from the NIH Office of Research on Women's Health, 5/13/2022
  • Sex Differences in The Aging Murine Urinary Bladder and Influence on The Tumor Immune Microenvironment of a Carcinogen-Induced Model of Bladder Cancer, 5/3/2022
  • Sex as a Biological Variable in Cardiovascular Diseases: JACC Focus Seminar 1/7, 4/12/2022
  • Community voices: NIH working toward inclusive excellence by promoting and supporting women in science, 3/25/2022
  • Cross-Sectional Analyses of High-Impact Pain Across Pregnancy Status by Race and Ethnicity, 2/28/2022
  • Research on Women's Health: Ready for the Future, 2/10/2022
  • Midlife Cognitive Decline Linked to Cardio Factors in Women, 1/5/22
2021
  • Fifth anniversary of the Sex and Gender Equity in Research (SAGER) guidelines: taking stock and looking ahead, 11/23/2021
  • Sex and Gender Bias in Covid-19 Clinical Case Reports, 11/22/21
  • Integrating Sex/Gender into Environmental Health Research: Development of a Conceptual Framework, 11/18/2021
  • Association of Epilepsy and Severe Maternal Morbidity, 10/29/21
  • USPSTF Approach to Addressing Sex and Gender When Making Recommendations for Clinical Preventive Services, 10/25/2021
  • The roles of sex and gender in women’s eye health disparities in the United States, 10/20/2021
  • Striving for Diversity in Research Studies 9/13/2021
  • It’s time to expand the definition of ‘women’s health’ 8/4/2021
  • Why sports concussions are worse for women 8/3/2021
  • Investment in Women's Mental Health During and After the COVID-19 Pandemic 7/12/2021
  • Sex and gender missing in COVID-19 data 7/9/2021
  • The Integration of Sex and Gender Considerations into Biomedical Research: Lessons from International Funding Agencies 6/17/2021
  • Menopause impacts human brain structure, connectivity, energy metabolism, and amyloid-beta deposition 6/9/2021
  • Sex as an Important Factor in Nanomedicine 5/20/2021
  • Increased COVID-19 infections in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a population-based study 5/1/2021
  • HIV-Related Stigma Research as a Priority at the National Institutes of Health 4/22/2021
  • Pregnant in the United States in the COVID-19 pandemic: A collision of crises we cannot ignore 4/18/2021
  • Biomedical Researchers' Perceptions of the NIH's Sex as a Biological Variable Policy for Animal Research: Results from a U.S. National Survey 4/8/2021
  • The Safety of Asthma Medications during Pregnancy and Lactation: Clinical Management and Research Priorities 3/10/2021
  • Considering Sex as a Biological Variable Will Require a Global Shift in Science Culture 3/1/2021
  • Special Issue of Journal of Women's Health on Maternal Morbidity & Mortality 2/1/2021
  • Sex Differences in Immune Responses 1/22/2021
  • Increase in Suicide Following an Initial Decline During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Japan 1/15/2021
  • Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome and Maternal Opioid-Related Diagnoses in the US, 2010–2017 1/12/2021
  • The Scientific Body of Knowledge: Whose Body Does it Serve? A Spotlight on Women’s Brain Health 1/1/2021
  • Sex and gender differences in cognitive and brain reserve: Implications for Alzheimer’s disease in women 1/1/2021
2020
  • Male sex identified by global COVID-19 meta-analysis as a risk factor for death and ITU admission 12/9/2020
  • Examining differences between overweight women and men in 12-month weight loss study comparing healthy low-carbohydrate vs. low-fat diets 11/14/2020
  • Model‐dependent outcomes: Sex as a biological variable in preclinical mouse models of melanoma 10/23/2020
  • Sex and gender: modifiers of health, disease, and medicine 8/22/2020
  • Considerations for Studying Sex as a Biological Variable in Spinal Cord Injury 8/5/2020
  • Urban–rural Differences in Suicide Rates, by Sex and Three Leading Methods: United States, 2000–2018 8/1/2020
  • Opinion: In the wake of COVID-19, academia needs new solutions to ensure gender equity 7/27/2020
  • Filling the Regulatory Gap: Potential Role of Institutional Review Boards in Promoting Consideration of Sex as a Biological Variable 4/8/2020
  • Sex bias and omission in neuroscience research is influenced by research model and journal, but not reported NIH funding 4/1/2020
  • Incorporating Sex as a Biological Variable into Clinical and Translational Research Training 3/24/2020
  • Coronavirus: A Look at Gender Differences in Awareness and Actions 3/20/2020
  • Sex as a Biological Variable: The Importance of Curriculum Development in the 21st Century 3/9/2020
  • Nearly 90 percent of men — and women — are biased against women, UN study finds 3/6/2020
  • Why the Coronavirus Seems to Hit Men Harder Than Women 2/20/2020
  • Clinical Advances in Sex- and Gender-Informed Medicine to Improve the Health of All 2/10/2020
  • Brain immune cells, neurodegeneration differ in males, females 1/30/2020
  • Does sex matter?: An update on the implementation of sex as a biological variable in research 1/29/2020
  • Why Sex Matters at the Pharmacy 1/29/2020
  • Sex as a Biological Variable: A 5-year progress report and call to action. Journal of Women’s Health 1/22/2020
  • Why women are more prone to serious complications from drinking alcohol 1/8/2020
  • Opioid overdoses among women have increased dramatically. But treatment centers are still designed for men. 1/7/2020
2019
  • Hair dye and chemical straightener use and breast cancer risk in a large US population of black and white women 12/3/2019
  • The Unfair Sex 12/2/2019
  • Scientists find gender-distinct circuit for depression 10/9/2019
  • 25 years of women being underrepresented in medical research, in charts 7/3/2019
  • Integrating the Influence of Sex and Gender in Research: Keeping Women Veterans in Focus 6/25/2019
  • Female rats face sex bias too 6/18/2019
  • What Did You Do Yesterday? Sex Differences in Episodic Memory 6/13/2019
  • Diverse vaginal microbiome may signal risk for preterm birth 6/7/2019
  • Better science, better lives for women and men: Q&A with Carolyn Mazure 6/6/2019
  • Osteoporosis and Bone Health in Transgender Persons 6/1/2019
  • Are hormones a “female problem” for animal research? 5/31/2019
  • Annual Report to the Nation: Overall cancer mortality continues to decline 5/30/2019
  • Epidemiology needs to embrace gender 5/25/2019
  • Sex differences in the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis: An obstacle to antidepressant drug development? 5/15/2019
  • Benefits of a factorial design focusing on inclusion of female and male animals in one experiment 4/13/2019
  • Why the sexes don’t feel pain the same way 3/27/2019
  • The federal plan for health science and technology’s response to the opioid crisis: understanding sex and gender differences as part of the solution is overlooked 1/7/2019
2018
  • No female mice or cells? NIH reviewers still might score grant OK 12/20/2018
  • It is time to integrate sex as a variable in preclinical and clinical studies 7/23/2018
  • Evaluation of the association between the concentrations of key vaginal bacteria and the increased risk of HIV acquisition in African women from five cohorts: a nested case-control study 5/1/2018
  • Applying the new SABV (sex as a biological variable) policy to research and clinical care 4/1/2018
  • Taking cardiology clinical trials to the next level: A call to action 2/26/2018
  • Female psychopharmacology matters! Towards a sex-specific psychopharmacology 2/6/2018
  • A Critical Role for Dopamine D5 Receptors in Pain Chronicity in Male Mice 1/10/2018
  • Participation of Women in Clinical Trials Supporting FDA Approval of Cardiovascular Drugs 1/1/2018

 

2017
  • Aging has distinct and opposite effects on tendon in males and females 10/31/2017
  • A sexually dimorphic pre-stressed translational signature in CA3 pyramidal neurons of BDNF Val66Met mice 10/9/2017
  • Women’s health 10/4/2017
2016
  • Reporting Sex, Gender, or Both in Clinical Research? 11/8/2016
  • An Issue Whose Time Has Come: Sex/Gender Influences on Nervous System Function 11/7/2016
  • How to study the impact of sex and gender in medical research: a review of resources. 10/14/2016
  • The science of sex and gender in human health: online courses to create a foundation for sex and gender accountability in biomedical research and treatment 10/14/2016
  • Considering Sex as a Biological Variable in Preclinical Research, 9/28/2016
  • Sex and Gender Equity in Research: rationale for the SAGER guidelines and recommended use 5/3/2016
  • Sex Differences in Animal Models: Focus on Addiction 4/1/2016
  • Basic science: Bedrock of progress 3/25/2016
2015
  • Transgender stigma and health: A critical review of stigma determinants, mechanisms, and interventions 12/1/2015
  • Studying both sexes: a guiding principle for biomedicine 10/29/2015
  • Recommendations concerning the new U.S. National Institutes of Health initiative to balance the sex of cells and animals in preclinical research 5/29/2015
2014
  • Focus on Sex 12/28/2014
  • NIH initiative to balance sex of animals in preclinical studies: generative questions to guide policy, implementation, and metrics 10/3/2014
  • Does a Change in Health Research Funding Policy Related to the Integration of Sex and Gender Have an Impact? 6/25/2014
  • NIH to Require Gender Balance in Subjects of Animal Studies 5/14/2014
  • Female mice liberated for inclusion in neuroscience and biomedical research 3/1/2014
  • First steps for integrating sex and gender considerations into basic experimental biomedical research 1/28/2014
2013 and earlier
  • Sex differences in the brain: the not so inconvenient truth 2/15/2012
  • After inclusion, information and inference: reporting on clinical trials results after 15 years of monitoring inclusion of women 6/20/2011
  • What does the "four core genotypes" mouse model tell us about sex differences in the brain and other tissues? 11/11/2008
  • Integrating the dimensions of sex and gender into basic life sciences research: methodologic and ethical issues 1/1/2007
  • Strategies and methods for research on sex differences in brain and behavior 12/23/2004

Sex & Gender

  • Sex & Gender
    • NIH Policy on Sex as a Biological Variable (SABV)
      • ORWH GWAS, Sex, and Chromosomes Think Tank
      • Questions and Answers
    • Sex/Gender Influences in Health and Disease
      • How Sex/Gender Influence Health and Disease (A-Z)
      • Infographic: How Sex/Gender Influence Health & Disease
      • Specialized Centers of Research Excellence (SCORE) on Sex Differences
      • Administrative Supplements for Research on Sex/Gender Differences
      • Sex/Gender in Health, Disease, and Biomedical Research
    • Methods and Techniques for Integrating Sex into Research
    • Reading Room: News and Journal Articles about Studying Sex/Gender
    • Research Spotlights
      • Research Spotlight: Dr. Marilyn Carroll
      • Research Spotlight: Dr. Nancy Lane
      • Research Spotlight: Dr. Nancy Nadon
    • Women, Science, and the Impact of COVID-19

Director’s Messages

  • Reimagining Career Paths, an Opportunity for Disruptive Change, and Supporting Reentry and Reintegration into Research

    June 29, 2022

  • Supporting Women So They Can Live Healthy Lives from Head to Toe

    May 24, 2022

  • Tackling the Complexity of Pregnancy through Research Inclusion and Equity: We Need a New Playbook

    April 27, 2022

  • Recognizing the Women in Science Making History: Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow

    March 29, 2022

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